The Baths of Varius in Ephesus is the first building on the north of the Basilica Stoa. The walls up to the vaults have remained in such good shape. Although the excavations have been ongoing since 1929, they have not been finished yet. Table of ContentsConstruction and DesignBasic Components of a Roman BathHeating SystemLater ModificationsPrivate...Read More

The stoa on the north of the State Agora was converted into a basilica during the period of Emperor Augustus (27 BC-14 AD). The Basilica, which is 160m long, had a wooden roof. Today, only some of the columns are left. Table of ContentsColumn Styles in the BasilicaAccess to the BasilicaChanges During the Byzantine PeriodStatues...Read More

The State Agora of Ephesus is the wide, smooth open area on the left side on the way from the Magnesia Gate entrance (Upper Gate of Ephesus). The measures of the State Agora are 160×56 m. On the Pion Mountain side of the State Agora lies a marble road, while on the Panayir Mountainside, you...Read More

Magnesia was an important ancient city located 30 kilometers east of the Ancient City of Ephesus. The Magnesia Gate, situated at the beginning of the road connecting Ephesus to Magnesia, derived its name from this connection. Table of ContentsConstruction and EvolutionArchitectural FeaturesWater Canal and RoadHistorical Context and Planning Construction and Evolution The Magnesia gate of...Read More

The walls built for the defense of Ephesus surround the entire city. The best-preserved sections today are those on Pion Mountain. Table of ContentsHellenistic Era WallsStructure and GatesByzantine Era ModificationsRoman Peace Era Hellenistic Era Walls The walls along the road to the House of the Virgin Mary, dating back to the Hellenistic era (3rd century...Read More

Abstract The Eastern Gymnasium of the Ancient City of Ephesus, located near the upper entrance on Mount Pion, was a 2nd-century A.D. bath-gymnasium complex built by Sage Flavious Daminaus and his wife, Vedia Phaedrina. Dedicated to the Goddess Artemis and Emperor Antoninus Pius, this facility served as an educational and training center for boys aged...Read More

Abstract First Excavations in Ephesus were led by British engineer John T. Wood, focusing on locating the Temple of Artemis. Though he identified the site, his work remained incomplete until D.G. Hogarth resumed it in 1904. In 1895, Otto Bendorf obtained permission for further excavations, with the Austrian Archaeology Institute and archaeologists like A.S. Bammer...Read More

Quick Summary The fountain of Trajan on the north side of Curetes Street in Ephesus, built between 102 and 114 A.D., was dedicated to Emperor Trajan. The central niche, larger than the others, displayed a statue of Emperor Trajan, with the pedestal and parts of the statue’s foot still in place. Other statues, including those...Read More

Quick Summary The Temple of Hadrian is located on Curetes Street in Ephesus and was built around 138 A.D. by a wealthy Ephesian P. Quintillus. A statue of Tyche (goddess of good fortune), adorns the central stone of the arch. The semi-circular pediment above them features a so-called Medusa figure. The original friezes, now in...Read More

Quick Summary The Celsus Library in Ephesus, restored between 1972 and 1978 by Dr. F. Hueber, was initially constructed by Tiberius Aquila as a memorial tomb for his father, Julius Celsus Polemeanus, and completed in 117 AD. The library’s intricate design includes a grave room under the apsidal wall, accessible via a narrow passage, and...Read More